Carbon dot nanomaterials (CDNs) have emerged as a significant class of nanomaterials with a broad spectrum of applications in various fields. These remarkably fluorescent nanoparticles exhibit unique optical, electronic, and catalytic properties that arise from their inherent structure and surface chemistry. These tunable size, shape, and comp

Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconducting nanocrystals with unique optical and electronic properties that make them highly desirable for a variety of applications. However, their full potential can be further maximized by engineering their surfaces to achieve specific functionalities. Surface modification allows for the binding of functional groups or